Soil is formed over long periods of clip from localized materials , which are broken down by temperature changes , rainfall , drouth and wind . biologic element , such as microorganism , brute , humans and works also affect the evolution of ground . Types of stain are classified according to mensurable property , including the color of the soil , the sizing of the mote , the amount of organic material and the amount and type of mineral in the soil . There are 12 grunge types , or orders , in the United States . These are further divided into suborders , great groups , subgroups , folk and series , lead in more than 100 dissimilar types of soils .

Entisols

Entisols are jolly new soil and have not developed celestial horizon or stratum . soil that do not fit into any of the other orders are commonly classified as entisols . They are typically located on rocky hillsides , as well as on floodplains and river deltas . The capital concentrations of entisols in the United States are in the High Plains part and the Rocky Mountains .

Inceptisols

Inceptisols are slightly senior dirt than entisols . They are just beginning to develop horizons , but do not have any of the features of the other orders . Inceptisols are find chiefly in hilly or cragged area , such as the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains .

Alfisols

Alfisols are extremely fat land that were formed in forested field . They are good for farming because they contain some clay , which help retain wet , and are commonly turn up in temperate zones . A wide expanse from South Texas up through Michigan in the United States is compile of alfisols .

Mollisols

Mollisols were developed in the grasslands and contain large amounts of constitutive fabric . The dark - distort soils are fantabulous for growing grains . Most mollisols are settle in the Great Plains realm .

Ultisols

Ultisols are acid and highly leached soil , with a mud subsurface layer that contains a gamy amount of Fe . They were formed in forest in temperate and subtropic area that get a fair amount of rain . Ultisols are situate chiefly in the Southeastern arena of the United States .

Aridisols

Aridisols have high absorption of calcium carbonate and are composed of layers of the Great Compromiser , gypsum , common salt and silica . They were build up in regions that were dry for farsighted periods of metre . Most aridisols are located in the desert areas of the Southwest .

Vertisols

Vertisols are rich in cadaver , and tumesce or shrink according to the water content . They are establish in Texas and the Delta area of Mississippi .

Oxisols

Oxisols were mould in tropic and subtropic rainforests . They are greatly weathered , hard oxidized and not very fertil , e with the exception of a thin airfoil bed of organic matter . They mined extensively for iron and aluminum in area where the rainforests have been trim down down . Oxisols are only determine in the Hawaiian Islands in the United States .

Andisols

Andisols were developed in the ash and debris of volcanoes , and curb large quantities of poriferous material and chalk grain . This appropriate the grunge to halt a substantial amount of water . Andisols are found near active and late active volcanoes in the Cascade Mountains and the Hawaiian Islands .

Spodisols

Spodisols are extremely acidic , with eminent storey of aluminium and branding iron . As water leaches through spodisols , it becomes acidic and cause heavy weathering of lower horizons . Spodisols have poor fertility , except for trees that prefer acid soil . They were organise in coniferous forests and are find in the Northeastern United States and the upper peninsula of Michigan .

Histosols

Histosols are composed of at least 20 to 30 percent organic matter . They were developed in low - lying swampy surface area , where the water prevented the organic affair from quick decomposition . The big region of histosols in the United States are in the Great Lakes region and along the Gulf Coast .

Gelisols

Gelisols are mostly locate in Alaska . They are formed in regions that have permafrost within 2 meters of the surface , which are areas in the high mountains or near the Poles . Since the organic matter does n’t decompose very tight , gelisols contain orotund total of atomic number 6 material .

References

…