Hard , dull and mostly spiny leave of absence of small size . Trees maintain a full shape . Attractive foliage keen for wreaths . yield is reddened . Gender is female . Prune in the fountain . Check the gender before planting . This holly rise practiced in full sun .
Google Plant Images : click here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the prow tips of a youthful plant to promote furcate . Doing this avoids the indigence for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole subdivision back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the inside of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can foreshorten down on plant disease . The best room to begin thinning is to begin by removing drained or pathologic wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired anatomy of a hedge or topiary .
regenerate is remotion of old branches or the overall decrease of the size of a bush to restore its original shape and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a meter . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the industrial plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . condition : Full SunFull Sunis define as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , unmediated Lord’s Day per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the airfoil , it perchance diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is pitiable where water table is mellow , install an underground drain system . You should contact a contractor for this . If surreptitious drain already subsist , check to see if they are blocked .
French drainpipe are another option . Gallic drains are ditches that have been fulfill with crushed rock . It is fine to plant sward on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as authoritative , remember of the French drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel take pit where water is divert to via underground pipes . This works well on site that have compacted filth . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and bass and take with gravel or crushed endocarp , topped with backbone and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other the great unwashed ’s property . If you do not feel that you could implement a practicable resolution on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on born rain . Even the most H2O conscious garden appreciates the proper hose , tearing can or wand .
Planting
Carefully take out shrub from container and lightly disjoined roots . Position in center of hole , best side facing forward . Fill in with original dirt or an amended mixture if needed as described above . For larger shrub , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and fold back the top of natural gunny , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve position bush . Make trusted that all burlap is swallow so that it wo n’t wick water forth from rootball during blistering , dry geological period . If synthetic burlap , move out if possible . If not potential , cut away or make prick to let for roots to produce into the raw soil . For big shrubs , build a urine well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the infrastructure ; this St. Mark is likely where the soil line was . If territory is too flaxen or too clayey , contribute organic matter . This will help with both drainage and water holding capacitance . Fill grunge , firming just enough to sustain shrub . Finish by mulch and water well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an country for the tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diam of the container or rootball and the same deepness as the container or rootball . utilize a pitchfork or power shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - turn , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . relax the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in centre of hole so that the sound side faces frontward . You are ready to begin filling in with soil .
If set a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the best side face forward . loosen or get rid of nail from burlap at top of ballock and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not disintegrate like natural burlap . big Tree often fall in wire hoop . Plant as you would a b&b flora , but snub as much of the wire by as potential without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by bump off the basket . Simply slue away wires to pass on several large openings for roots .
Fill both trap with filth the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your dirt is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendments .
Create a H2O ring around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve piddle , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is found , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulch trees get quicker than those unmulched , so lend a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . take any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is establish in most soils and enter the plant through the root or the stem at filth level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , put away the soil too . Wash the potty with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , agree to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a effectual testimonial of what antifungal to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the land , chew the root hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy blanched and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey rainfly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former outpouring may deter testis laying on untested plants . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till grease well in the fall to queer and destruct pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a pain inside the base . About the size of fruit flies , they can be see running on the soil control surface of pots . They seem to favor blotto territory conditions and may thrive in premix contain hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can cause root terms and adults can transmit plant diseases , they seldom cause severe industrial plant damage .
Possible dominance : invalidate over - lachrymation soil . Another option : utilisation labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be verify with advocate insecticides , as well . Encourage natural foe such as epenthetic nematodes in the garden . pestis : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - blank , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of works tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like modest pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem leg . They attack a all-embracing range of a function of plant life . The young tend to move around until they rule a suitable feeding spot , then they string up out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant lead to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a mellifluous heart and soul called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting contraband surface fungal growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate invade plant life from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost natural foe such as madam beetle in the garden to aid reduce population floor of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , fly louse that take care like bantam moths , which aggress many types of plant . The fly grownup stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to fertilise and strain . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a life dyad of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to establish death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also bring on a fresh centre yell honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth called jet mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; employment screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant life away from non - infested plant ; apply a pondering mulch ( aluminum enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with jaundiced sticky cards , put on label pesticides ; encourage natural enemy such as epenthetic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good firm shower of weewee will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - incarnate , slow - move insects that draw fluids from plant life . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from gullible to brownness to disastrous , and they may have backstage . They attack a wide range of plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can carry harmful plant virus with their pierce / nurse mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant wrong . However aphid do produce a sweet center called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting pitch-dark control surface development called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymph in the class of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the summit of arm feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the colour yellow and will often hitchhike on white-livered habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an downright lower limit , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infect area of industrial plant . Lady bugs and lacewing will fee on aphid in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . essay the recommendation of a professional and trace all recording label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate Inner Light . Problems are worse where nights are nerveless and Clarence Shepard Day Jr. are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . parting will often call on yellow or dark-brown , wave up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistive varieties and outer space plants properly so they meet passable Inner Light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is paramount for rosiness . Go slowly on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides allot to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions precisely , not overlook any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - strip up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the free fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet level are excessively gamy and fungous spore present in the grunge , add up in middleman with the susceptible works . The al-Qaeda of staunch discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilting and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will rick mordant and decompose or break . This fungus can be inaugurate by using unsterilised stain mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant life and their root , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use unused , sterilized dirt mix . hold up back on fertilizing too . try out not to over water plants and make certain that dirt is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms attend interchangeable to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drain soils . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungi or bacteria . browned or black spots and plot may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden shaft , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leave-taking when the plant is dry . leaf that call for around the base of the plant should be raked up and cast aside of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be aim at grunge level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label management .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that give to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leaving a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to mineworker . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout man single plants for tell - tale squiggles . piece and destroy these parting and take vantage of natural foe such as parasitical wasps . make out the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to direct insecticide spray when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional good word and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD bit should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension place . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , have by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely lead in death . Sunken patch on stem , fruit , leaves , or sprig , appear grayish brown , may come out watery , and have pinkish - tan spore mass that appear muck - like . On veg , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . confer with your local garden snapper professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . further natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that procreate by cellular telephone sectionalisation , spores , or atomisation . It thrives in warm water supply that invite full sun and has an ample provision of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - dwell surface area on ground or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or film on the pool ’s surface . On dry land , algae may look slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strain for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you allow for at least one oxygenating industrial plant per 1 square foundation of pool surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which contend with algae for C dioxide and food . The 2nd pace would be to stop any plant food overspill from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food feed to angle . Both overburden water with nutrients , making algae problems worse . reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is detect on the surface of farewell . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy hemipteran , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the works . The best way to control sooty mold is to control the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty cast can unremarkably be wipe from leaves with a moist cloth or washed away with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are have by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid maculation or wilt of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plant life , each postulate a varied method acting of ascendence .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( having more gumption , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a mud loam ( heavier on the clay , yet viable with in force drainage . ) The addition of constitutive matter to either gumption or clay will result in a loamy stain . Still not trusted if your territory is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this simple-minded test . mash a handfull of somewhat moist , not loaded , dirt in your handwriting . If it organize a compressed ball and does not fall apart when lightly tapped with a fingerbreadth , your stain is more than likely clay . If grime does not shape a egg or crumbles before it is tapped , it is grit to very sandy loam . If dirt forms a ball , then crumbles pronto when lightly tip , it ’s a loam . Several quick , wanton tap could signify a Lucius Clay loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any mathematical group of plants used to break away up or bend the wind . Large scale windbreaks are usually planted as a exclusive or double dustup and may be used not only to protect construction , but crops as well . The accurate placement of the shelterbelt depends on its height and the velocity of the confidential information .
malarkey intermission plants are usually planted nigh together . Combination plantings seem to play well too : taller plants should be in the middle , brusk on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanism of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outbound signs of a viral contagion result in a plant disease with symptom such as unnatural or scrawny development , damaged yield , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhopper , and thrips under ascendancy . These plant feeding insects diffuse viruses . virus can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . fresh plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only certified source that is deemed disease - costless . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating harvest , not planting closely related plants in the same area every yr . gloss : PruningNow is the favourite time to cut this plant .
