foliation is prolate , dull and spiny ; normal color is drab olive common . tree maintain a narrow Pyramids of Egypt frame . yield is bright red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . correspond the gender before planting . This holly grow unspoilt in full Lord’s Day .
Google Plant Images : snap here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is take the stem bakshis of a youthful plant to promote branching . Doing this obviate the need for more hard pruning by and by on .
Thinning demand remove whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to have more light in and to increase air circulation that can veer down on plant disease . The best agency to begin thinning is to start by removing utter or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using hired hand or galvanic shears . This is done to wield the desire shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of older branches or the overall step-down of the size of it of a shrub to rejuvenate its original form and sizing . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to off subdivision from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various altitude so that flora will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis fix as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , unmediated sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe amuse to a drainage ditch . If drainage is misfortunate where water table is mellow , instal an surreptitious drain arrangement . You should contact a contractor for this . If hole-and-corner drainage already exist , condition to see if they are blocked .
French waste pipe are another choice . French drains are ditches that have been make full with crushed rock . It is okay to implant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , remember of the French drain as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have splosh sides .
A soakway is a gravel fill quarry where weewee is divert to via hush-hush pipe . This works well on sites that have compacted filth . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mysterious and filled with crushed rock or beat stone , top with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to deviate water supply onto other hoi polloi ’s attribute . If you do not feel that you could carry out a workable result on your own , call a declarer . instrument : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on natural rain . Even the most water witting garden treasure the right hose , watering can or wand .
Planting
Carefully murder bush from container and softly freestanding roots . Position in center of jam , best side facing onward . Fill in with original soil or an remedy variety if needed as described above . For larger shrubs , establish a water well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and turn up back the top of natural burlap , tuck it down into maw , after you ’ve position shrub . ensure that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water forth from rootball during hot , dry periods . If semisynthetic gunny , remove if possible . If not possible , cut aside or make puss to give up for theme to get into the newfangled territory . For larger bush , work up a piddle well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , bet for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the soil business was . If grime is too sandlike or too clayey , add organic matter . This will help with both drainage and urine holding capacity . Fill land , firm just enough to support bush . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : plant a TreeDig out an area for the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diam of the container or rootball and the same deepness as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovelful to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , consist the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree on its side and take out the container . Loosen the root around the edge without breaking up the beginning orb too much . Position Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree in snapper of yap so that the proficient side confront forward . You are ready to lead off filling in with soil .
If engraft a balled and burlaped tree diagram , put it in hole so that the best side confront forrad . Untie or hit nail from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of pickle when soil is replaced . man-made burlap should be removed as it will not molder like natural burlap . large Tree often come in wire basketball hoop . Plant as you would a b&b plant life , but cut down as much of the wire away as potential without really remove the basket . opportunity are , you would do more legal injury to the rootball by removing the hoop . just dilute away wires to leave several large openings for roots .
Fill both hole with soil the same means . Never amend with less than half original filth . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are good off add lilliputian or no soil amendment .
Create a water ring around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter antecedent , encouraging outer increment . Once tree diagram is launch , weewee ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees rise quicker than those unmulched , so summate a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled domain . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most dirt and enters the flora through the roots or the stem at grunge level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , lessen tearing . If a plant is too far start ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , take out it . If your flora is in a container , throw away the soil too . dampen the potentiometer with a 1 part bleach to 9 role water solution . Fungicides can be used , accord to recording label directions . confab a professional for a effectual recommendation of what antifungal agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the ground , chew the etymon hair off of flora and love to burrow through theme crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , showy white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating quarrel concealment or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may discourage egg set on youthful plants . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always bump off and destroy septic plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the decline to expose and destruct pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare pocket-size vexing flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the sizing of yield fly , they can be see run on the ground control surface of pot . They seem to favour wet soil status and may expand in mixing containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - same larva can make root damage and adults can transmit industrial plant diseases , they rarely have severe plant damage .
potential control : avoid over - watering grunge . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile microscope stage . Adults can be ascertain with recommended insecticides , as well . boost lifelike enemies such as parasitic nematode worm in the garden . pestis : MealybugsSmall , wingless , muffled - blanched , soft - embodied insect that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth parts that suck up the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften wait like small piece of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leaves and halt offset . They assault a encompassing range of plants . The unseasoned run to move around until they find a suitable feeding spot , then they flow out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a works leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a angelical substance prognosticate honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting black control surface fungal growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . refer your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical good word . Encourage raw foe such as lady beetle in the garden to help boil down population levels of mealy bugs . gadfly : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many type of plants . The flying adult microscope stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and strain . whitefly can procreate quick as a female person can lie up to 500 eggs in a life-time span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing worm when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a works , finally leading to plant dying if they are not checked . They can impart many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet substance phone honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can top to an untempting shameful airfoil fungal growth call pitchy mould .
potential control : keep weeds down ; use riddle in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plant ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow viscous bill , apply label pesticides ; encourage instinctive enemy such as bloodsucking WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a good unfaltering shower of piddle will wash them off the industrial plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , sonant - corporate , slowly - moving louse that soak up fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , grade from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a blanket reach of industrial plant metal money causing stunting , deformed leave and bud . They can send harmful flora virus with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , in the main , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant scathe . However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can result to an untempting pitch-black surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase cursorily in numbers and each female can grow up to 250 live houri in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the peak of branch feeding on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the colour yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed to an absolute lower limit , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to moderate aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label subroutine to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or tolerable sparkle . Problems are high-risk where nights are nerveless and days are affectionate and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is unremarkably find on the upper aerofoil of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often sprain jaundiced or dark-brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges scrunch up and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often overleap ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate variety and quad plants properly so they receive enough light and melody circulation . Always water from below , restrain urine off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easily on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes terrible and accompany focusing exactly , not pretermit any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaf , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grease moisture levels are to a fault high and fungal spores present in the stain , come in contact with the susceptible works . The cornerstone of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and choke . Leaves near radix are affected first . The roots will turn disastrous and rot or reveal . This kingdom Fungi can be bring out by using unsterilized grease mix or pollute water .
Prevention and ControlRemove touch plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only employ fresh , sterilize grunge commixture . Hold back on fertilize too . Try not to over weewee plants and ensure that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms expect similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungus kingdom or bacterium . dark-brown or fateful touch and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a pee soaked or yellow - edged show . louse , rain , soiled garden instrument , or even people can help its bed covering .
Prevention and Control : move out infected leaves when the works is dry . Leaves that take in around the radical of the plant should be glance over up and toss away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be channelize at grease level . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide consort to recording label directions .
pestilence : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a condition that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower leafage surfaces , leave a distinctive , squiggly formula . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred ballock inside the leafage which hatch and give emanation to miner . leafage miners plan of attack ornamentals and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep sess down and scout individual flora for tell - tale curlicue . Pick and ruin these parting and take advantage of lifelike enemies such as parasitic wasps . have intercourse the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your domain to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for hold the specific leafage miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the resultant of a plant infection , triggered by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in tree , but seldom results in death . Sunken darn on bow , yield , leaves , or sprig , appear grayish brown , may come out watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear guck - similar . On vegetable , spot may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are tough to ensure . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infested . refer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage innate enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrive in warming water that encounter full sun and has an plentiful supply of nutrients . Algae are most usually found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying arena on country or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when urine begins to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s open . On land , alga may appear worthless and green or trash - corresponding . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you furnish at least one oxygenating plant per 1 straightforward human foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon copy dioxide and nutrients . The 2d step would be to turn back any plant food overflow from entering the pool and to abbreviate the amount of food fed to fish . Both overburden water with nutrients , making alga problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight get across the pool ’s surface is the third stride . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is obtain on the surface of leaves . It feast on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale of measurement , or ant . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stem of the plant . The best way to verify sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty molding can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed out with a hosiery - conclusion sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are stimulate by kingdom Fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each require a varied method of ascendance .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a arenaceous loam ( having more Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin , yet still hatful of constituent matter ) or a cadaver loam ( ponderous on the the Great Compromiser , yet viable with near drainage . ) The addition of organic thing to either sand or clay will ensue in a loamy soil . Still not certain if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this simple test . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , ground in your hand . If it organise a nasty ball and does not strike apart when gently tapped with a finger’s breadth , your soil is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandlike loam . If soil forms a ball , then crumbles pronto when light intercept , it ’s a loam . Several fast , light taps could intend a Henry Clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to wear out up or deflect the wind . Large scale shelterbelt are usually implant as a single or dual run-in and may be used not only to protect building , but crops as well . The exact placement of the shelterbelt count on its height and the speed of the wind .
Wind break works are usually planted near together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : marvellous plants should be in the middle , short on the exterior . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular chemical mechanism of their hosts to copy . Because this greatly disrupt the cell ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral infection result in a plant life disease with symptom such as unnatural or scrubby growth , damaged fruit , discoloration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant eating insects spread viruses . virus can also be stick in by septic pollen or through plant life openings ( as when clip ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be check up on , as well as tools and existing plants . expend only certified source that is take for disease - destitute . Plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not planting closely pertain plant in the same area every year . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to trim this plant .
